Carbon dot nanomaterials (CDNs) have emerged as a sought-after class of nanomaterials with a broad spectrum of applications in various fields. These remarkably fluorescent nanoparticles exhibit unique optical, electronic, and catalytic properties that arise from their inherent structure and surface chemistry. Their tunable size, shape, and com

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting nanocrystals with unique optical and electronic properties that make them highly desirable for a variety of applications. However, their full potential can be further maximized by modifying their surfaces to achieve specific functionalities. Surface modification allows for the binding of functional groups or li